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Cloning: Off-grid tiny house 48V

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= 5F. Coldest clear morning your site sees; cold raises panel voltage.

Solar array

Panels + how they are wired (series x parallel)

Jinko Solar Tiger Neo JKM440N-54HL4R-B 440W N-type TOPCon (All Black)
440W, Voc 39.57V, Isc 13.8A
6 panels, 2,640W total

Charge controller

MPPT/PWM between array and battery

Covered by your all-in-one: SRNE HF4850U80-H includes MPPT charging.

Battery bank

Identical batteries in parallel

LiTime 48V 100Ah ComFlex Server Rack
51.2V 100Ah LIFEPO4, BMS 100A
10.2 kWh total

Inverter / all-in-one

DC to AC. All-in-one units include the charge controller.

SRNE HF4850U80-H
all-in-one, 48V, 5000W (10000W surge)

Wire runs

One-way distances for wire and fuse sizing.

SegmentContinuousRun (one way)Copper wireV-dropFuse/breaker
Array to all-in-one PV input13.8A40 ft14 AWG1.41%20APV-rated (gPV) fuse or DC breaker
Battery bank to all-in-one97.7A5 ft1 AWG0.24%125AClass T
Array to all-in-one PV input: show the math
Continuous current = 13.8A
Design current = 13.8A x 1.25 (NEC continuous) = 17.3A
Wire: 14 AWG copper (75C ampacity 20A); voltage drop 1.41% over 80ft round trip at 197.9V (target <= 3%)
Fuse/breaker: 20A - two criteria, both required:
  carry the load: fuse >= design 17.3A -> next standard size = 20A
  protect the wire: fuse 20A <= 14 AWG ampacity 20A - OK
  construction: PV-rated (gPV) fuse or DC breaker
Battery bank to all-in-one: show the math
Continuous current = 97.7A
Design current = 97.7A x 1.25 (NEC continuous) = 122.1A
Wire: 1 AWG copper (75C ampacity 130A); voltage drop 0.24% over 10ft round trip at 51.2V (target <= 3%)
Fuse/breaker: 125A - two criteria, both required:
  carry the load: fuse >= design 122.1A -> next standard size = 125A
  protect the wire: fuse 125A <= 1 AWG ampacity 130A - OK
  bank BMS continuous 200A >= fuse 125A: the bank can hold the fuse's rated load
  construction: Class T (interrupt rating matters on battery mains)

Mount the fuse close to the battery positive terminal - it protects the wire run, so the unprotected stub should be as short as possible.

Sized for 75C copper ampacity with the NEC 1.25 continuous factor and a 3% voltage-drop target. Round up when between sizes and verify against local code.

Balance of system - shopping list

ItemQtyFor
14 AWG copper wire1~90 ft total (40 ft one way, round trip + slack) - Array to all-in-one PV input
20A PV-rated (gPV) fuse or DC breaker1Array to all-in-one PV input
1 AWG copper wire1~15 ft total (5 ft one way, round trip + slack) - Battery bank to all-in-one
125A Class T1Battery bank to all-in-one - include the matching fuse holder/block

Derived from the wire and fuse guidance above. Wire lengths include round trip plus slack - verify against your actual layout, and verify ratings against local code. Buy fuses and wire from reputable electrical suppliers; marketplace listings for these items are a common source of counterfeit or mislabeled parts.

Parts list

PartQtyEst. priceWhere to buy
Jinko Solar Tiger Neo JKM440N-54HL4R-B 440W N-type TOPCon (All Black)
panel6 in series x 1 stringdatasheet
6$1,500
no merchant links yet
LiTime 48V 100Ah ComFlex Server Rack
batterydatasheet
2$2,400
SRNE HF4850U80-H
inverterdatasheet
1$649
Estimated total$4,549
No issues found by 14 checks14 passed / 0 errors / 0 warnings / 0 notes
14 passing checks - expand to see the math
passBattery matches the 48V systemSystem voltage coherence

LiTime 48V 100Ah ComFlex Server Rack (51.2V nominal) is a 48V-class battery.

battery nominal 51.2V is in the 48V class == system 48V
passInverter matches the 48V systemSystem voltage coherence

SRNE HF4850U80-H DC input is 48V-class.

inverter DC input 48V is in the 48V class == system 48V
passString Voc stays at 261.2V at -15C - cannot reach the 500V limit at any temperatureCold-temperature string voltage

6 x Jinko Solar Tiger Neo JKM440N-54HL4R-B 440W N-type TOPCon (All Black) in series stays below the SRNE HF4850U80-H max PV input voltage at your design low temperature. This string cannot reach 500V at any physically possible temperature.

Why this matters: Panel voltage rises as temperature falls. A string that measures fine in summer can exceed the controller's absolute maximum input voltage on the first cold clear morning, which can permanently destroy the controller - and at these DC power levels, failures can start fires. This is the mistake experienced builders catch most often in DIY parts lists.

Voc_string = Voc x N_series x (1 + tempCoeff/100 x (T_design - 25))
          = 39.57V x 6 x (1 + (-0.25%/100) x (-15 - 25))
          = 39.57V x 6 x 1.1000 = 261.2V
Controller max PV input: 500V
Crossover: string Voc reaches 500V at T = 25 + (500/237.4 - 1) x 100/-0.25 = -417.4C (below absolute zero - never reached)
passString Vmp 197.9V has healthy margin over the 48V bankMPPT voltage margin

Clears the start floor cold and the hot-weather floor with sag included.

Vmp_string = 32.99V x 6 = 197.9V
Start floor = V_batt + 5V = 48 + 5 = 53V
Hot Vmp (~11% sag) = 197.9V x 0.89 = 176.2V vs hot floor 56V
passArray current 17.25A (with 1.25 factor) is within the 18A input limitArray current vs controller input limit

Within the SRNE HF4850U80-H published max PV input current.

Isc_array x 1.25 (NEC continuous factor) = 13.80A x 1 x 1.25 = 17.25A
Controller max PV input current: 18A = 18A
passController can pass the array's full output (51.6A of 80A rated)Array size vs controller charge output

No clipping at rated conditions.

Array = 440W x 6 panels = 2640W
Potential charge current = 2640W / 51.2V = 51.6A
Controller rated charge current: 80A
passArray 2640W is within the controller's 5200W rating at 48VMax array wattage for battery voltage

Within the published maximum array wattage.

Array = 440W x 6 panels = 2640W
Controller max array wattage at 48V: 5200W
passSRNE HF4850U80-H supports LiFePO4 chargingBattery chemistry support

Controller has a lithium profile or user-adjustable charge voltages.

battery chemistry = lifepo4; controller lifepo4_profile = true
passSRNE HF4850U80-H charger supports LiFePO4Battery chemistry support

Inverter/charger has a lithium charge profile.

battery chemistry = lifepo4; inverter charger lifepo4_profile = true
passBank BMS limit 200A comfortably covers the inverter's 97.7A drawInverter draw vs battery BMS limit

Healthy headroom at full inverter load.

Inverter draw = 5000W / 51.2V = 97.7A
Bank BMS limit = 100A x 2 batteries = 200A
Headroom band starts at 80% of limit = 160A
passBank BMS peak 1000A covers the inverter's 195.3A surgeInverter surge vs battery peak limit

Surge loads within the bank's published peak rating.

Surge draw = 10000W / 51.2V = 195.3A
Bank BMS peak = 500A x 2 batteries = 1000A
pass2 in parallel is within the manufacturer limit of 16Battery parallel count

Supported parallel configuration.

2 in parallel vs manufacturer max 16
passCharge current 80A is within the bank's 200A capacityCharge current vs bank capacity

Charge rate within limits.

Controller rated charge = 80A
Bank max charge = manufacturer max charge 100A x 2 = 200A
passClosed-loop comms available via rs485Closed-loop battery communications

The inverter can read state of charge and limits directly from the battery BMS. Enable closed-loop per both manuals.

inverter speaks [can, rs485]; battery speaks [generic-can, rs485]; overlap [rs485]

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